Category: ABB

Relion® reliability, safety and dependability

The REF615 is a specialised feeder relay, perfectly matched for the protection, control, measurement and monitoring of utility substations and industrial power systems.

The REF615 is a member of the ABB Relion® family and part of its 615 protection and control product range.The 615 series of ANSIs is characterised by compactness and design flexibility.The 615 series has been designed from the ground up to unlock the full potential of the IEC 61850 standard for communication and interoperability of substation automation equipment.

Scope

Feeder protection for overhead lines, cable feeders and busbar systems in distribution substations

Key Benefits

Maximises capital by keeping assets working longer in designs that require less equipment and space

Reduce hazards and increase safety through safety-conscious design

Increase reliability by maintaining critical operations with consistent, high-quality power every minute of every day

Lower operating costs through effective energy management and maintenance strategies

More flexible system upgrades without rewiring or replacing components

Easy integration with non-proprietary IEC 61850 communications

Key Features

Pull-out design

Fault detection (CFD) for underground and overhead cables

High impedance (HIZ) fault detection

Arc Flash Detection (AFD)

Ring lug terminals for all inputs and outputs

Large, easy-to-read LCD

Description of the REF615

The REF615 is a dedicated feeder IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) designed to protect, control, measure and monitor utility substations and industrial power systems.

This includes radial, ring and grid distribution networks with or without distributed generation.

The REF615 is a member of the ABB Relion® product family and part of the 615 Protection and Control product family.

The 615 series of IEDs is characterised by its compact and withdrawable unit design.

The 615 series has been redesigned from the ground up to utilise the full potential of the IEC 61850 standard for communication and interoperability between substation automation devices.

Communication and interoperability between devices.

IEDs provide primary protection for overhead lines and cable feeders in distribution networks.

IEDs can also be used as backup protection in applications that require a separate redundant protection system.

Depending on the standard configuration selected, IEDs can be used to protect overhead lines and cable feeders in isolated neutral, resistance-grounded, compensating-grounded and solid-grounded networks.

The standard configuration IEDs are ready for use after application-specific setup.

The Series 615 IEDs support a range of communication protocols including IEC 61850 with GOOSE messaging, IEC 60870-5-103. Modbus® and DNP3. 2.

2. Standard Configurations The REF615 is available in nine standard configurations.

The standard signalling configurations can be changed via the graphical signalling matrix or via the graphical application functions of the Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600.

In addition, the application configuration function of the PCM600 supports the creation of multi-layer logic functions using various logic elements, including timers and triggers.

By combining protection functions with logic function blocks, the IED configuration can be adapted to the user’s specific application requirements.

Protection Functions

IEDs provide directional and non-directional overcurrent and thermal overload protection, as well as directional and non-directional ground fault protection.

Some standard configurations are available with optional ground-fault protection based on conductivity, harmonics or power metering.

or wattage metering-based ground-fault protection. In addition, www.abb-drive.com IEDs feature sensitive ground-fault protection, phase discontinuity protection,

instantaneous/intermittent earth fault protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, residual overvoltage protection, positive sequence undervoltage and negative sequence overvoltage protection.

IEDs with H and J configurations as standard also provide frequency protection, including overfrequency, 1MRS756379 M underfrequency, and rate-of-frequency-change protection.

With optional hardware and software enhancements, the IEDs also feature three light detection channels for arc fault protection of circuit breakers, busbars, and cable compartments in metal-enclosed indoor switchgear.

Arc-fault protection sensor interface The arc-fault protection sensor interface is available through an optional communications module.

Quick tripping increases worker safety and limits material damage in the event of an arc fault.

The FOUNDATION Fieldbus Linking Device LD 800HSE EX is registered according to class 42c of the HSE profile, therefore providing the following functions:

• Identification of devices connected to the H1 links

• Configuration of connected H1 devices through System Management www.abb-drive.com and Network Management via HSE

• Access to the function blocks of connected H1  devices via HSE

• Republishing of process data between H1 links

• Republishing of process data from H1 to HSE and vice versa

• Distribution of alarms and events sent by H1 devices

In each of the four H1 channels the Linking Device operates as the Link Master as well as the SM Time Publisher.

Function

LD 800HSE EX is a highly compact gateway between four FF H1 links and FF HSE suited for redundant use. The linking device meets protection class IP20 and is DIN rack mountable. It is powered by 24 Vdc and supports Ethernet 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s.

General

• Linking device according to class 42c of FF HSE profile

• Connects up to four H1 links to an HSE subnet

• Certified for decentralized installation in hazardous areas Zone 2 / Division 2- cULus  Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D- IECEx   Ex nA IIC T4 Gc- ATEX     II 3G Ex nA IIC T4 Gc

• G3 coated acc. to:- ANSI/ISA7104- EN 60068-2-60 Gateway

• Identification of devices connected to the H1 links

• Configuration of connected H1 devices through System Management and Network Management via HSE

• Access to the function blocks of connected H1 devices via HSE

• Republishing of process data between H1 links

• Republishing of process data from H1 to HSE and vice versa

• Distribution of alarms and events sent by H1 devices

HSE

– System Management Agent

– Network Management Agent

– Server providing object access to H1 devices

– Publishing/Subscribing of process data from/ to H1 devices

– Distribution of alarms and events sent by H1 devices

– Time synchronization via SNTP

– IP address configurable via integrated web server

H1

– System Management Manager

– Network Management Manager

– Client for object access

– Publisher and Subscriber of process data

– Reception of alarms and events

– Link Master, SM Time Publis

Integration into the ABB Ability™ System Structure

Within a typical ABB Ability™ system structure  as shown in Figure 1 a FOUNDATION Fieldbus  subsystem is linked to the control system via the HSE subnet. The linking devices LD 800HSE EX serve as gateways between the field devices on the H1 links and the HSE subnet.

The FOUNDATION Fieldbus subsystem consists of linking devices and possibly other devices which communicate with one another using the HSE protocol and subsidiary H1 links. As a device registered as a class 42c device of the HSE profile the LD 800HSE EX allows process data that are being published cyclically on the subsidiary H1 links to be republished on the HSE subnet.

By using HSE republishing, it is possible to configure cyclical communication between field devices on different H1 links and devices on the HSE subnet. Furthermore alarms and events from H1 devices are communicated to the Connectivity Servers FF, thus allowing seemless integration in the overall 800xA alarm management philosophy.

The displayed system structure also includes redundant LD 800HSE EX. The  corresponding H1ports of both physical linking devices making up a redundant set of linking devices are connected to the same H1 link. Both physical devices belong

ing to a redundant set are connected via a serial  RS-232 null modem cable for exchanging redundancy control information.

Within a typical 800xA system structure system structure the FOUNDATION Fieldbus subsystem is interfaced to the IEC 61131 controller using the communication interface module CI860 in the AC 800M which acts as HSE host on the HSE subnet.

The AC 800M is a family of rail-mounted modules consisting of CPUs, communication modules, power supply modules and various accessories.

A variety of CPU modules are available, ranging from medium www.abb-drive.com processor power and low cost to high processor power and supporting full redundancy.

For the latest information on AC 800M hardware, visit our Hardware Selector.

In the selector, you can compare different communication modules, S800 IO modules, module termination units,

AC 800M controllers, power supplies, voters, panels, and print your own pdf file.

The CPU board contains the microprocessor and RAM memory, a realtime clock, LED indicators, INIT push button, and a CompactFlash interface.

The base plate of the PM864A controler has two RJ45 Ethernet ports(CN1, CN2) for connection to the Control Network, and two RJ45 serial ports (COM3, COM4). One of the serial ports (COM3) is an RS232C port with modem control signals, whereas the other port (COM4) is isolated and used for the connection of a configuration tool. The contro ler supports CPU redundancy for higher availability (CPU, CEX-Bus, communication interfaces and S800 I/O).

Simple DIN rail attachment / detachment procedures, using the unique slide & lock mechanism. Al base plates are provided with a unique Ethernet address which provides every CPU with a hardware identity. The address can be found on the Ethernet www.abb-drive.com address label attached to the TP830 base plate.

Features and Benefits

. High reliability and simple troubleshooting procedures

. Modular, progressively expandable

. IP20 rated protection, no enclosure required

. Control panel configurable with 800xA control generator .

. Controller is EMC certified .

. Splitting the CEX-Bus with a Pair of BC810s .

. Hardware based on optimal communication connection standards (Ethernet, PROFIBUS DP, etc.) .

. Built-in redundant Ethernet communication ports

Dimensions

Product Net Weight: 0.13 kg

Product Net Depth / Length: 62 mm

Product Net Height: 76 mm

Product Net Width: 67.5 mm

Gross Weight: 0.154 kg

Package Level 1 Depth / Length: 84 mm

Package Level 1 Height: 72 mm

Package Level 1 Width: 71 mm

Package Level 1 Units: 1 carton

Technical

Function: PROFIBUS slave. 8 DI: 24VDC. 8 DO: 24VDC 0.5A. 8 www.abb-drive.com configurable DI/DO: 24VDC 0.5A

Number of Hardware Interfaces: Industrial Ethernet 0

Other 0

Parallel 0

RS-232 0

RS-422 0

RS-485 1

Serial TTY 0

USB 0

Wireless 0

Analog Inputs: 0

Analog Outputs: 0

Number of Digital Inputs: 8

Number of Digital Outputs: 8

Number of Digital Configurable I/Os: 8

Input Voltage Type: DC

Input Voltage (Uin): 24 V DC

Input Current: 5 mA

Delay Time (τ): 0.1 … 32 ms

Output: Transistor

Output Voltage Type: DC

Output Current: 0.5 A

Output Voltage Maximum: 20.4 … 28.8 V

Degree of Protection: IP20

Supply Voltage: 20.4 … 28.8 V DC

Additional Information

Product Main Type: CI542

Product Name: Distributed Automation I/Os

Classifications

eClass: 27-24-26-07

ETIM 8: EC001604 – Fieldbus, decentr. periphery – communication module

UNSPSC: 32151705

Environmental

SCIP: 233d78fe-0930-4291-82c6-6b1e1cc69d44 Germany (DE)

WEEE B2C / B2B: Business To Business

WEEE Category: 5. Small Equipment (No External Dimension More Than 50 cm)

Size

Net weight: 5.9kg

Gross Weight: 5.9kg

Net depth/length: 435 mm

Net height: 120 mm

Net product width: 181 mm

Additional information

Frame size: Definition

Chinese name：PDB-02型

OVERVIEW

Basic Details: 3HNA023093-001 Thermocouple/mV Input Module

The 3HNA023093-001 Thermocouple/Millivolt Input Module is a module for temperature measurement that senses temperature changes via a thermocouple or millivolt signal input.

A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that uses the thermoelectric effect between two dissimilar metals to measure temperature.

When the temperature changes, the thermocouple produces a voltage signal proportional to the change in temperature.

A millivolt input module is a module capable of receiving millivolt signals that can be converted to digital signals for subsequent processing and display.

3HNA023093-001 Thermocouple/millivolt input modules typically have the following functions:

Temperature measurement: with a thermocouple or millivolt signal input, the module is able to sense temperature changes and convert them to a digital signal output.

Signal Processing: Modules may have signal processing functions such as amplification, filtering, digitisation, etc. to improve measurement accuracy and stability.

Output Interface: Modules usually have an output interface to output digital signals to other devices or systems for display, control or recording.

Please note that the above functions may vary depending on the specific model and application requirements.

Therefore, when using the 3HNA023093-001 Thermocouple/Millivolt Input Module, it is www.abb-drive.com recommended that you refer to its official documentation or contact the manufacturer for accurate and detailed functional information.

The 3HNA023093-001 Thermocouple/Millivolt Input Module works as follows:

A thermocouple is made by connecting one end of two different metallic materials together and connecting the other end to one of the terminals above, and then using a voltmeter to measure the voltage at the ends of the terminals, which can usually be measured as a small voltage value.

If the two wires are made of different materials, such as a copper wire and a wire, because the thermal conductivity effect of the two wires is not the same, and the temperature of the cold end of the two wires is not the same, which means that the number of free electrons is not the same, at this time, the voltmeter can measure the voltage value.

The 3HNA023093-001 thermocouple/millivolt input module is an ABB branded product for temperature measurement and conversion.

It measures the temperature directly and converts the temperature signal to a thermodynamic force signal, which is then converted to the temperature of the measured medium by means of an electrical instrument (secondary instrument).

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Features

Integrated three-phase differential relay, overcurrent relay and earth fault relay

Stabilized three-phase differential relays provide winding short-circuit and turn-to-turn fault protection for two-winding transformers and generator-transformer units, and winding short-circuit protection for generators.

Earth fault protection for transformer windings on the HV and LV side according to the required principle:

Stabilized differential current principle, high impedance principle, calculated or measured residual current principle or neutral current principle

Three-stage overcurrent protection for transformer and generator as well as two-stage backup protection for earth fault protection.

Differential relays with operating characteristics that can be easily adapted to different applications Short operating times, stable operation even in the event of partial saturation of the current transformer.

Prevents unwanted operation in the event of faults and transformer inrush currents outside the protective field.

Blocking based on the ratio of the second harmonic to the fundamental component of the differential current prevents unwanted operation in the event of transformer inrush currents.

Blocking based on the ratio of the fifth harmonic to the fundamental component of the differential current prevents unwanted operation in the event of transformer overexcitation.

– If the ratio of the fifth harmonic to the fundamental component of www.abb-drive.com the differential current increases at high overvoltages, this blocking condition can be eliminated

Double-winding transformer protection without transformers – digital vector group matching on HV and LV side

Wide range of CT ratio corrections – precise corrections via digital settings Sensitive phase current and phase angle displays for easy checking of measurement circuits

Four trip and four signal relay outputs

Five programmable external control inputs for displaying and forwarding alarm and trip signals from gas relays, oil temperature sensors and other transformer auxiliary equipment sensors

Adjustable CBFP runtime for increased operational reliability Integrated disturbance recorder for current and digital signals – Trigger signals optional Highly resistant to electrical and electromagnetic interference.

Continuous monitoring of hardware and software

Applications

The stabilizing differential relay SPAD 346 C is designed for the protection of two-winding transformers and generator-transformer installations against winding short-circuits, turn-to-turn faults, earth faults and short-circuits, as well as for the protection of generators against winding short-circuits.

as well as protecting generators against winding short-circuits and short-circuits. The relay can also be used to protect three-winding transformers, provided that 75% of the short-circuit power comes from the same direction.

Description

Operation

The integrated differential relay SPAD 346 C consists of three separate relay modules: The three-phase voltage stabilized differential relay module SPCD 3D53.

SPCD 2D55 and the combined overcurrent and earth fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

The rated currents of the relays are 1 A and 5 A, respectively.

The same or different current ratings can be used for the HV and LV sides.

Function

– Three-phase, low-setting phase overcurrent device with timed or inverse definite minimum time (IDMT ) characteristics

– Three-phase, high setting phase overcurrent device with instantaneous or timed characteristics

Operation

– Low-level ground fault device with timed or inverse deterministic minimum time (IDMT) characteristics

– High-level ground-fault unit with instantaneous or definite-time operation

– Built-in circuit breaker fault protection

– Two heavy load relays and four signal output relays

– Matrix of output relays for routing the start or trip signals of the protection stage to the desired output relays

– Local display of measured values, set values and data recorded during faults

– Reading and writing of set values via local display and front panel pushbuttons or via the serial interface and fiber optic bus of the higher-level system

– Self-monitoring system for continuous monitoring of electronics and microprocessor operation

Microprocessor operation

– Powerful software support for relay parameterization, reading of measured and logged values, events, etc., and

Powerful software support for relay parameterization, reading of measured and recorded values, events, etc., and storage of readings

– Member of the SPACOM product family and ABB’s distribution automation system

– CE marking according to the EU EMC directive

APPLICATIONS

The SPAJ 140 C combined overcurrent and earth fault relay is intended for use on solid earths,

The combined overcurrent and earth fault relay is used for selective short-circuit and earth fault protection of radial feeders in solidly earthed, resistance earthed or impedance earthed power systems.

The integrated relay consists of an overcurrent unit and an earth fault unit with flexible tripping and signaling facilities.

The overcurrent and earth fault relays can also be used for other applications where single, two or three phase overcurrent protection is required.

The SPAJ 140 C combined overcurrent and earth fault relay is part of ABB’s distribution automation concept, a complete solution for controlling and managing power systems.

Design

The combined overcurrent and earth fault relay is a secondary relay connected to the current transformer of the protected object.

The current transformer of the The three-phase overcurrent and earth fault device continuously measures the phase and neutral currents of the object.

When a fault is detected, the relay activates and trips circuit breakers, provides alarm signals, and records fault data according to the application requirements and relay configuration.

The overcurrent device activates when the phase current exceeds the set start current of the low setting level I> and sends out a start signal after a preset start time.

In timed operation, the overcurrent device starts when the set run time or in inverse time limit operation, when the calculated run time has elapsed.

Similarly, when the set starting current is exceeded, the high level stage I>> of the overcurrent device is activated and a start signal is issued after the preset (~40 ms) start time.

When the set operation time has expired, the overcurrent device starts.

The ground-fault unit starts when the ground-fault current exceeds the set start current of the low setting level I0>> and

and sends a start signal after the earth fault current exceeds www.abb-drive.com the set start current of the lower setting level I0>.

The earth fault unit starts and signals a start after the preset start time. After the set operating time (timed operation) or the calculated operating time (counterclockwise operation) has elapsed, the

The ground fault unit starts operation. Similarly, when the set start current is exceeded, the ground-fault unit’s high level stage I0>> starts up

and sends a start signal after a preset (~50 ms) start time. As soon as the set operation time has expired, the ground fault unit starts to operate.

Brief Introduction

The SPAM150C Motor Protection Relay is a general purpose combination relay designed primarily for the protection of AC motors for a variety of applications.

It combines a large number of protection functions in one unit. The relay provides a complete set of protection against motor damage caused by various electrical faults.

The relay is also suitable for other equipment requiring thermal overload protection, such as cable or power transformer feeders.

Summary of Protection Functions

The relay thermal overload unit protects the motor against short- and long-term overloads. The maximum permissible continuous load depends on the setting value 1.

Normally this setting value is taken as the rated full load current (FLC) of the motor at an ambient temperature of 40°C. The motor can be overloaded for a short period of time if the motor is not loaded.

When the motor current increases to 1.05I under the above conditions, the thermal overload unit starts after a certain delay.

If the ambient temperature of the motor is below 40°C for a long period of time, the setting value I. can be set to .05…1.10 times the full load current (FLC) of the motor. 1.10 times.

The short-time overload phenomenon mainly occurs during the starting process of the motor. The motor is normally allowed to start twice under cold conditions and once under hot conditions.

One start is permitted under hot conditions, therefore, depending on the starting time of the motor, an integrating value t determining the characteristics of the thermal overload unit can be derived.

This value can be easily determined from the time/current graph in the hot state. t curve is selected from the starting current versus the corresponding starting time (with an appropriate margin).

The t-curve is selected from the starting current versus the corresponding starting time (with an appropriate margin). Using the same value of t, the total permissible starting time of the motor under cold conditions can be found from the cold curve.

As a rule of thumb, for two cold starts or one hot start, the t-value is set to 1.6…2.0 times the starting time of the motor. …2.0 times.

The thermal overload pre-warning signal can warn the operator to reduce the load of the motor when thermal overload occurs, thus avoiding unnecessary thermal overload tripping.

This can avoid unnecessary thermal overload tripping. The setting value of the pre-warning signal can be individually set to a certain percentage of the thermal overload tripping value.

Therefore, by choosing the appropriate pre-warning signal setting value, the motor can be operated close to the thermal capacity limit value while avoiding tripping due to prolonged overload.

Every time the motor is started, the start-up monitoring unit monitors the thermal consumption of the motor, usually in accordance with the It formula.

Alternatively, a fixed time limit overcurrent can be used. The latter is mainly used for equipment with non-motor loads.

In either case, a speed switch signal such as that mounted on the motor shaft to distinguish between motor blocking and normal starting can be programmed into the relay to control the output trip command.

to control the output trip command. A high value overcurrent protection unit (current cut-off) for protection against short-circuits between motor windings and short-circuits between phases of feeder cables.

The current setting value can be set so that it is automatically doubled during start-up. Therefore, the setting value can be set lower than the motor starting current.

Normally it can be set as low as 0.75 times the motor starting current. In addition, an appropriate action time should be set to match.

In this way, when the motor is blocked during operation, the current interruption protection unit can ensure reliable operation.

When the motor is controlled by a contactor, the high value overcurrent protection unit should be blocked and the fuse should be used to protect against short circuits.

The non-directional earth fault unit detects earth faults in the motor and feeder circuits. In the neutral point directly grounded or through the low impedance grounding system, the CT can be connected to a residual ground fault.

The CT can be wired for residual current to obtain the zero sequence current, and the action time of the earth fault protection can usually be set to a smaller value, e.g. 50ms.

In circuits controlled by contactors, the line current can be set to exceed 4 (or 6.8) times the full load current I in the thermal overload unit.

The earth fault unit is blocked so that the contactor will not be damaged by the inability to break the high current and the fault current will be broken by the back-up fuse.

This blocking function is also used to prevent malfunctions caused by false zero sequence currents during start-up due to saturation of the CT on the circuit.

In order to obtain a high sensitivity, the earth fault current action value is generally rounded to 15…40% of the rated motor current. …40% of the motor’s rated current.

In networks where the neutral point is insulated or earthed via a high impedance, it is recommended to use feedthrough zero sequence current transformers.

The ratio of this type of transformer can be flexibly selected according to the size of the earth fault current and the sensitivity of the earth fault protection.

Due to the small input impedance of the relay, it is possible to use current transformers with very small ratios.

For example, the KOLMA zero sequence current transformer with a ratio of 10/1A is small, but it is generally recommended to use a zero sequence current transformer with a ratio of 50/1A or 100/1A or more.

The setting value of the ground fault unit is generally set to 5…30% of the value of the fully grounded (metallic grounding) fault current, and the value of the ground fault unit is generally set to 5…30% of the value of the fully grounded (metallic grounding) fault current. .30%, action time is 0.5…. .2 seconds.

Phase unbalance unit monitor system current unbalance condition well prevent motor damage due to serious system unbalance or single-phase operation.

The phase unbalance unit should ensure stability under heavy load conditions to prevent false operation, when the motor is running at less than full load current, it is allowed to have a larger degree of unbalance.

The action time of this unit is an inverse time limit characteristic. Dirt phase protection is an independent unit which will operate with a fixed delay of 600s when the phase sequence is wrong.

The unbalance and inverted phase protection units can be independently selected or withdrawn, e.g. the inverted phase unit can be withdrawn from use when the motor is allowed to operate in reverse phase sequence, so that there is no risk of the motor being damaged by a reversal of phase sequence.

In this case there will be no tripping due to motor reversal. The low-current unit is used for out-of-load protection of motors.

The unit is particularly suitable for equipment www.abb-drive.com cooled by a constant flow of liquid, e.g. submersible pumps, where the cooling capacity of the motor is reduced when the flow is interrupted.

In this case the motor circuit will be tripped by the low current unit detecting the well. The start time totaliser is another measure to control the number of starts in a given period of time.

It can be set according to the permissible number of starts provided by the motor manufacturer.

The fault parameters recorded in the registers are very convenient and useful for fault analysis.

In addition, the continuous tracking of the motor start-up process and other parameters are extremely useful for monitoring the motor’s operating conditions.

The serial communication interface allows all measurements and register parameters to be transferred to the control room or elsewhere in the most convenient way.

ABB Arc Extinguishing Principle for Arc Extinguishing Chambers

In a vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, the arc starts at the moment of contact separation and is maintained until zero current is applied and may be affected by magnetic fields.

Vacuum Arc – Diffuse or contracted after contact separation, a single melting point is formed over the entire surface of the cathode, generating the metal vapour that supports the arc.

A diffuse vacuum arc is characterised by expansion of the contact surfaces and uniform distribution of thermal stresses across the contact surfaces.

At the rated current of the vacuum interrupter, the arc is always diffuse. Contact erosion is very limited and the number of current interruptions is very high.

As the value of the interrupting current increases (above the rated value), the arc changes from a diffuse to a contracting type due to the Hall effect.

Starting at the anode, the arc contracts and gradually becomes defined with further increases in current.

In the vicinity of the area in question, the temperature rises, which causes thermal stress on the contacts.

To prevent overheating and erosion of the contacts, the arc needs to remain rotating. As the arc rotates, it becomes similar to a moving conductor through which current passes.

Spiral geometry of ABB vacuum interrupter contacts

The special geometry of the helical contact generates a radial magnetic field in all areas of the arc column and concentrates it around the circumference of the contact.

Spontaneously generated electromagnetic forces acting in a tangential direction cause the arc to rotate rapidly around the contact axis.

This means that the arc is forced to rotate and involves a wider surface than a fixed contracting arc.

All this makes contact erosion negligible, except for minimising thermal stresses on the contacts.

Most importantly, the arc extinguishing process can be controlled even in the case of extremely high short circuits.

ABB vacuum interrupters are zero-current interrupters, which do not produce any re-strikes.

At zero current, the current charge is rapidly reduced and the metal vapour condenses, thus restoring the maximum dielectric strength between the interrupter contacts in microseconds.

VD4 circuit breakers have passed the following tests to ensure the safety and reliability of the equipment when used in any installation environment.

– Type tests: heating, industrial frequency withstand voltage insulation, lightning impulse withstand voltage insulation, short-time and peak withstand voltage current,

Mechanical life, short-circuit current generation and breaking capacity, no-load cable disconnection.

– Individual tests: main circuit insulation at working frequency voltage, insulation of auxiliary circuits and operating mechanisms, main circuit resistance measurement, mechanical and electrical operation.

Service safety

With a full range of mechanical and electrical locks (available on request), it is possible to build safe distribution switchgear with VD4 circuit breakers.

Locking devices have been studied to prevent incorrect operation and to check the device while maximising operator safety.

Keyed locking or padlocking devices enable switching and/or racking-in and racking-out operations.

Racking out with door closed devices allow the circuit breaker to be racked in or out of the switchgear only when the door is closed.

Anti-breaking locks prevent breaking in of circuit breakers with different current ratings, as well as breaking in operations when the breaker is closed.

ACCESSORIES

VD4 circuit breakers are available with a comprehensive range of accessories to meet all installation requirements.

The operating mechanism has a standardised range of accessories and spare parts which are easy to identify and order.

The accessories can be easily fitted from the front of the circuit breaker. Electrical connections are made using plug and socket connectors.

The equipment is simple to use, maintain and service with limited resource requirements.

Operating Mechanism

The operating mechanism of the VD4 circuit breaker is designed to be simple and easy to use, with a wide range of customised accessories for quick and easy installation.

This simplicity gives the equipment a higher degree of reliability.

The operating mechanism is of the energy storage type and is fitted as standard with an anti-pumping device with appropriate locks to prevent incorrect operation.

Each operating sequence can only be activated if all the conditions to ensure its correct execution are met.

All types of VD4 circuit breakers have the same accessories.

– Highly reliable operating mechanism thanks to low component www.abb-drive.com count due to mass-produced system

– Extremely easy to maintain

– The accessories are common to the entire series and are the same for both AC and DC applications

– Quick and easy installation or replacement of electrical accessories, as the cables are already equipped with plug and socket connectors

– Mechanical anti-pumping device as standard

– Built-in closing spring-loaded charging lever

– Protective cover for the opening and closing buttons that can be operated with special tools

– Padlock device on the operating buttons