Category: Industry trends

Protection Functions

The protective functions of the REF610 with their IEC symbols and IEEE device numbers are shown in the table below.

The protection functions, their IEC symbols and IEEE device numbers are shown in the table below:

Outputs

The relay is equipped with

* three power output contacts PO1. PO2 and PO3

* two signal output contacts SO1 and SO2

* three optional signal output contacts SO3. SO4 and SO5

Switch group SGR1…. .8 is used to route internal signals from the protection stage, external trip signals and signals from the automatic reclosing function to the required signal or power output contacts.

The minimum pulse length can be configured as 40 or 80 ms and the power output contacts can be configured as latching.

Trouble Logger

The relay has a built-in disturbance logger that records the instantaneous measured value or the RMS curve of the measured signal.

and up to eight user-selectable digital signals: digital input signals and internal signals from the protection stage.

Any digital signal can be set to trigger the recorder on the falling or rising edge.

Front Panel

The relay front panel consists of

* 2 × 16 character alphanumeric LCD with backlight and automatic contrast control Controls

* Three LED indicators (green, yellow, red) with fixed functions

* Eight programmable LED indicators (red)

* HMI button section with four arrow buttons as well as clear/cancel and enter buttons for navigating through the navigation bar.

HMI button section with four arrow buttons as well as clear/cancel and input buttons for navigating through the menu structure and adjusting setting values

* Optically isolated serial communication port with LED indicators.

HMI passwords are divided into two levels: the main HMI setup password for all settings and the HMI communication password for communication settings only.

HMI passwords can be used to protect all user changeable values from being changed by unauthorized personnel.

Both the HMI setup password and the HMI communication password are inactive and are not required to change parameter values until the default HMI password is changed.

Non-Volatile Memory

The relay can be configured to store various data in non-volatile memory, even in the event of loss of auxiliary voltage (as long as the battery is inserted and charged), the

The non-volatile memory retains data even in the event of loss of auxiliary voltage (as long as the battery is inserted and charged). Operation indication messages and LEDs, interference logger data,

The EEPROM does not require a battery backup.

Self-Monitoring

The relay’s self-monitoring system manages fault conditions during operation and notifies the user of existing faults.

There are two types of fault indications

Internal Relay Fault (IRF) indication and warning.

When the self-monitoring system detects a permanent internal relay fault and prevents the relay from operating, the green LED (Ready) will flash.

At the same time, the normally open IRF contact (also known as the IRF relay) will open and a fault code will be displayed on the LCD. The fault code is numeric and identifies the type of fault.

Time Synchronization

Time synchronization of the relay real-time clock can be achieved in two different ways

Serial communication via communication protocol or via digital input.

When time synchronization is achieved via serial communication, the time is written directly to the relay’s real-time clock.

Any digital input can be configured for time synchronization and used for minute pulse or second pulse synchronization.

The synchronization pulse is automatically selected, depending on the time range in which the pulse occurs.

Two pulses need to be detected within an acceptable time range before the relay activates pulse synchronization.

Conversely, if the synchronization pulse disappears, the relay requires the equivalent of four pulse time ranges to de-synchronize the pulse.

The time must be set manually once via serial communication or the HMI.

When setting the time via serial communication and using minute pulse synchronization, only the year-month-day-hour-minute is written to the relay’s real-time clock;

When using seconds pulse synchronization, only year-month-day-hour-minute-second is written. The relay’s real-time clock will round to the nearest whole second or whole minute.

depending on whether seconds pulse synchronization or minutes pulse synchronization is used. When setting the time via the HMI, the entire time will be written to the relay’s real-time clock.

If the difference between the synchronization pulse and the relay’s real-time clock for seconds pulses exceeds ±0.05 seconds, or for minutes pulses exceeds ±2 seconds, the synchronization pulse will be rejected.

Time synchronization is always triggered on the rising edge of the digital input signal. The time is adjusted by accelerating or decelerating the relay clock.

In this way, the clock neither stops nor jumps suddenly during time adjustment.

Typical accuracy of time synchronization via digital inputs is ± 2.5 ms for second pulse synchronization and ± 5 ms for minute pulse synchronization.

Product overview

3.1 Purpose of the relay

The feeder protection relay REF610 is a multifunctional protection relay primarily used to protect incoming and outgoing lines in various feeder applications.

The relay is based on a microprocessor environment. A self-monitoring system continuously monitors the operation of the relay.

The human-machine interface includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) that makes local use of the relay safe and easy.

The relays can be controlled locally via serial communications from a computer connected to the front communication port.

Remote control is available through a serial communications bus connected to the rear connector of the control and monitoring system.

3.2. Features

* Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection with timing or IDMT characteristics and low rectification phase.

* Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection, high rectification phase

* Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection, instantaneous stage

* Non-directional ground fault protection with timing or IDMT characteristics, low setting stage

* Non-directional ground-fault protection, high-calibration phase.

* Phase discontinuity protection

* Three-phase cable thermal overload protection

* Arc protection

* Two lens sensors for arc detection (optional)

* Automatic adjustment of reference level according to backlight intensity

* Arc detection by remote light signal

* Automatic reclosing 1…. .3 times

* Circuit breaker fault protection

* Trip counter for circuit breaker status monitoring

* Trip circuit monitoring with routing of warning signals to signal outputs

* Trip lockout function

* Four accurate current inputs

* User selectable rated frequency 50/60 Hz

* Three normally open power output contacts

* Two change-over signaling output contacts and three additional change-over signaling output contacts on optional I/O module

* Output contact functions can be freely configured according to requirements.

Feeder protection relays

Technical Reference Manual

REF610 1MRS755310* Two galvanically isolated digital inputs and three additional galvanically isolated digital inputs on the optional I/O module.

Two galvanically isolated digital inputs and three additional galvanically isolated digital inputs on optional I/O modules

* Interference logger:

* Recording time up to 80 seconds.

* Triggered by one or more internal or digital input signals

* Records four analog channels and up to eight user-selectable digital channels

* Adjustable sampling rate

* Non-volatile memory for

* Up to 100 time-stamped event codes

* Set values

* Interference logger data

* Time-stamped logging data for the last five events

* Number of AR shots and protection phase starts/trips

* Operating indication messages and LEDs showing status in case of power failure

* HMI with alphanumeric LCD and navigation buttons

* Eight programmable LEDs

* Multiple language support

* User-selectable password protection for the HMI

* Display of primary current value

* Demand value

* All settings can be modified via PC

* Optical front communication connection: wireless or cable

* Optional rear communication module with plastic fiber optic, combined fiber optic (plastic and glass) or RS-4 connection.

(Optional rear communication module with plastic fiber optics, combined fiber optics (plastic and glass) or RS-485 connection for use with the

SPA bus, IEC 60870-5-103. or Modbus (RTU and ASCII) communication protocols for system communication.

* Optional DNP 3.0 rear communication module with RS-485 connection for system communication using DNP 3.0 communication protocols

* Battery backup for real-time clock

* Battery charge monitoring

* Continuous self-monitoring of electronics and software

* Removable plug-in unit

4. Applications

The REF610 is a multifunctional relay designed primarily for the protection of incoming and outgoing lines in medium voltage distribution substations.

In industrial and utility applications, the relay can also be used as backup protection for motors, transformers and generators.

The relay incorporates a number of protection features including three levels of overcurrent protection, two levels of non-directional ground fault protection and thermal protection to provide comprehensive overcurrent and ground fault protection.www.abb-drive.com

An optional arc protection function can be used to detect arcing conditions in air-insulated metal-clad switchgear, and an automatic reclosing function can be used to automatically clear overhead line faults.

These features further expand the range of applications for the relays.

The large number of digital input and output contacts allows a wide range of applications.

4.1. Requirements

To ensure correct and safe operation of the relays, it is recommended that preventive maintenance be carried out every five years on relays operating under specified conditions;

See table 4.1.-1 and section 5.2.4. Technical Data.

When used for real-time clock or logging data functions, the batteries should be replaced every five years.

4.2. Configuration

By appropriately configuring the output contact matrix, signals from the protection level can be used as contact functions. The start signals can be used for

for blocking cooperating relays and for signaling.

The following figure shows the default configuration of the relay: all trip signals are routed to trip the circuit breaker.

In the first example in Figure 4.2.-1. the residual current is measured by the iron core balancing current transformer and the output contacts are connected to enable the automatic reclosing function.

In the second example in Figure 4.2.-2. the residual current is measured through the trimming connection of the phase current transformer and the output contacts are connected to enable the trip lockout function with an external reset switch.

Construction

Hardware

The REG216 device consists of two main components, which are physically separated from each other and connected by standard prefabricated shielded cables

Connected by standard prefabricated shielded cables:

– The main system interface (CT, PT and auxiliary relays), which provides DC isolation and EMI barriers.

Isolation and EMI barrier

– Parallel bus and associated electronic units (e.g. analog inputs and data processors / for signal conditioning and processing).

The complete protection scheme consists of a relatively small number of hardware modules, allowing subsequent expansion of the electronic units and interfaces. Each device frame provides 21 rack spaces.

All hardware can be housed in a single compartment, which provides further shielding against inductive interference and physical protection against dust, etc.

All hardware can be accommodated in a single compartment, which provides further shielding from inductive interference and physical protection from dust.

The REG216 is available in 17 predefined rack configurations with a limited number of I/Os, but is equipped with the same SW library as the classic system.

Protective relays for other functions are not part of the EG216 and can be installed in compartments and interconnected with the REG216 accordingly.

Interfaces to the main system

The following modular components provide the interface between the REG216 and the power system.

Input transformer assembly

216GW62 This assembly is used to adjust the signal level and to isolate the primary system CT and PT circuits from the electronic circuits of the protective devices.

One PT and two CTs are available to meet different accuracy and dynamic performance requirements.

Up to 12 transformers can be accommodated, selected according to application requirements. Up to four components, i.e. 48 inputs, can be used.

Auxiliary relay and optocoupler assembly 216GD61a

This assembly is for use with the REG216 version. It provides eight trip relays,

Each relay has powerful potential-free trip contacts (with surge circuit), 16 auxiliary relays and 16 optocouplers.

relays and 16 optocoupler input circuits. Up to four assemblies are available.

Input Auxiliary Relay Assembly 216GE61

Up to 16 auxiliary relays to provide full potential isolation for digital input signals.

Output Auxiliary Relay Assembly 216GA61

Up to 16 auxiliary relays providing full potential separation for digital output signals (two contacts per signal).

Trip Auxiliary Relay Assembly 216GA62

Provides up to 8 powerful potential-free trip contacts and circuits that provide high-speed operation (surge circuits) and reduced consumption after operation (economy circuits).

The Trip Auxiliary Relay Assembly is available with an optional trip logic diode matrix for direct coupling of external signals.

Matrix for direct coupling of external signals The REG216 can also read and process external signals via digital inputs.

Different trip circuit monitoring arrangements for use with output unit 216DB61 and input auxiliary relay assembly 216GE61 are available.

Parallel bus and electronics unit

The electronics units are of plug-in design and are mounted in equipment racks with a standard size of 19 inches 6U (1U = 44.45 mm).

This rack can be divided into 21 standard partitions. The data exchange via the parallel bus B448C is controlled and monitored by all available devices.

The data exchange via the parallel bus B448C is controlled and monitored by all available devices.

The protection system is based on a data bus with digital signal processing for most functions; signal conditioning, analog and digital inputs, A/D conversion, processing and signal output.

The components of the system include

– Static plug-in units, which exchange data via a powerful parallel bus

– Interfaces to the process (main system, station equipment), isolated from the digital processing unit.

Device rack 216MB66/216MB68 and parallel bus B448C

The main features of the parallel bus B448C are

– Specification based on IEEE P 896 (Future Bus)

– Time multiplexing of address and data (16 bits)

– Asynchronous data transfer with handshaking

– Integrity check for each data exchange

– Up to 32 masters with the same status actively access the bus

– Internal 24 V auxiliary power supply common to all electronics units; redundant 24 V power supplies are available.

Processing unit 216VC62a

– 32-bit processor type 80486DX-2

– Application software in Flash EPROM

– Run data stored in RAM

– Settings on non-volatile flash EPROMs

– Potential-free RS-423 interface for PC operation

– Connection to control station via message transmission

– Time clock synchronization for time stamping of events

– Non-volatile event and disturbance memory (gold capacitor buffer)

– Space required: two racks

Analog input unit 216EA62

– 24 inputs sampled simultaneously, 6 per group

– Sampling frequency 600 (720) Hz, power supply frequency 50 (60) Hz

– Space required: two rack partitions.

Digital Output Unit 216AB61

– 32 outputs for controlling relays that output auxiliary relay assemblies

– Short-circuit proof

– Front panel LEDs to indicate activated relays

– Space required: one rack partition.

Trip output and binary input unit 216DB61

– 8 outputs for bipolar control of auxiliary trip relays

– Monitor Output Amplifier

– 16 digital inputs for signaling auxiliary relay assemblies (each two can be used separately to externally enable and prevent tripping)

– Activated outputs and inputs are indicated by LEDs

– Front space requirement: one rack partition.

Auxiliary DC power supply units 216NG61. 216NG62 and 216NG63

– Models for 36 to 312 VDC inputs

– Output 24 VDC, 150 watts

– Short circuit and overload protected outputs

– Parallel connection for higher ratings

– Parallel connection for redundancy (2 outputs)

– Space required: 3 rack partitions.

All protection functions of the REG216 operate on sampled primary system voltage and current.

The analog input unit has a sampling rate of 12 times per cycle and a dynamic range of 15 bits at the rated power system frequency.

All further signal processing is performed digitally.

As a result, the protection functions are universally applicable, highly accurate and have excellent long-term stability.

Digital filters effectively suppress DC components and harmonics to avoid interference. The trip logic of the internal protection functions (earlier diode matrix) is controlled by software in the REG216.

Functional Features

– Modular hardware

– Selectable protection functions

– Multiple applications

– Computerized menu-assisted setup

– All-digital signal processing

– Continuous hardware self-monitoring

– Cyclic test program mainly performed by software

– Parameterization and recording of set values via PC

– Display of measured values

– Event display, acknowledgement and printing

– Interference logging

– Self-logging

– Long-term stability

– Communication and coordination with control stations

– Available in two design versions: REG216 / REG216 Classic

Areas of application

The REG216 is used to protect generators and transformers.

The modular hardware and software design allows extremely flexible installation.

The combination of software libraries and hardware allows simple adaptation to the size of the primary system and the required protection scheme.

The combination of software libraries and hardware modules allows easy adaptation to the size of the primary system and the required protection scheme.

Modules. As a result, economical solutions can be realized in a wide range of applications.

Economical solution.

The REG216 software system provides a library of protection functions. The following table lists the functions applicable to generator and transformer protection.

Different levels of redundancy can be selected.

The availability and reliability of the protection can be selected according to the application in the following ways

For example, the auxiliary power supply unit for the entire system can be replicated.

Standard interfaces make the REG216 compatible with different process control systems.

Data can be exchanged with higher process control levels, e.g. for one-way reporting of digital status and events, measured values and protection parameters.

The REG216 and REG216 Classic differ in their binary process connection:

– The REG216 uses the E/A module 216GD61a.

– REG216 Classic uses modules 216GE61 / 216GA61 and 216GA62.

Protection functions

All protection functions required for independent protection of generators, power transformers and feeders are available.

All protection functions required for transformers and feeder lines. The system thus replaces multiple relays in conventional protection schemes used for such power system equipment.

Therefore, the system replaces multiple relays in conventional protection schemes used for this type of power system equipment. The table on page 2 describes the most important protection functions.

Simply use your personalcomputer to select the desired protection function from a comprehensive library of protection functions for your specific application.

Use personalcomputer to select the required protection functions from a comprehensive library. No knowledge of computer programming is required.

All setting ranges are very broad, making the protection functions suitable for a wide range of applications. The following main parameters can be set:

– Processing unit assignment

– Input channels

– Pickup setting

– Time delay

– Definition of operating characteristics

– Trip logic

– Control signal logic.

Protection functions can be “connected” to specific input channels by setting the corresponding parameters.

Digital input and output signals can also be logically combined internally:

– The tripping outputs of each protection function can be assigned in a matrix fashion to the channels of the trip auxiliary relay assembly.

www.abb-drive.com The channels of the trip auxiliary relay assembly.

– The contact and trip signals can be assigned to the channels of the signaling auxiliary relay assembly.

The channels of the auxiliary relay assembly.

– Each protective function can be blocked by a digital signal (e.g. digital input or trip signal using another protective function).

– External signals applied to the digital inputs can be processed in any desired way.

– The digital signals can be combined to perform logical functions, e.g. an external enable or blocking signal with the output signal of a protective function.

The digital signals can be combined to perform logical functions, such as external enable or blocking signals with the output signals of a protection function or with the output signals of an internal protection function, which can then be used to block one of the other protection functions.

Using the process bus type MVB, the remote input and output unit 500RIO11 can be connected to the REG216 terminals.

By using the RIO580 Remote I/O system, it is possible to expand the number of input and output channels to a larger number.

Mounting the 500RIO11 I/O unit close to the process allows it to be connected to the REG216 terminals via fiber optic connection, which greatly reduces wiring.

Measurement made easy

To run any process efficiently, measurement, execution, recording and control are essential,

Record and control. By choosing ABB, you are choosing a partner that can provide the best measurement and analysis solutions for your needs.

thereby maximizing the return on your investment. When you invest in ABB’s measurement and analysis solutions, you get the best technology, reliability and service in the industry.

R&D is a key source of ABB’s technological leadership.

ABB is constantly developing new applications based on existing technologies and continues to develop the breakthrough technologies needed to meet the challenges of the future.

ABB is constantly developing new applications based on existing technologies and continues to develop the breakthrough technologies needed to meet the challenges of the future.

Comprehensive measurement solutions www.abb-drive.com Tailored to each industry

ABB’s measurement and analytics products provide world-class measurement solutions for any industry, utility or municipality. Latest

Innovations provide technical solutions that make running your plant easier.

ABB’s measurement and analysis products are based on universal technology, offering a common look and feel and method of operation. As a result, products are easy to configure, easy to integrate and easy to maintain.

ABB’s measurement and analysis portfolio

– Analytical Measurement

– Flow measurement

– Pressure measurement

– Temperature measurement

– Level measurement

– Actuators and Positioners

– Recorders and Controllers

– Device Management, Fieldbus and Wireless

– Force Measurement

– Services

ABB’s extensive line of damper actuators provides quality, robustness and performance for a wide range of industries, especially power utilities.

They excel in applications where precise control and speed can save fuel costs or improve efficiency, such as forced and induced draft dampers.

They utilize powerful digital technology to provide precise control and built-in diagnostics.

Meeting your valve control needs Starting with electrical actuators, ABB offers a comprehensive range of products that are designed, engineered and manufactured to deliver best-in-class performance for your process.

ABB’s extensive portfolio of actuators and positioners provides your control valves with the highly accurate and stable positioning that is critical to achieving your operational goals:

– Energy efficient processes

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How can ABB help you?

ABB provides all the final control components you need, including

– Continuous electric actuators

– Tools to select the best actuation technology for your process

– Technical support and servicesLearn how you can benefit!‍

The following pages show some of the ways in which ABB valve automation products bring benefits in different applications.

Electric actuators

Maintenance-free operation for the longest time

In boiler applications, superheaters are widely used to help increase steam temperature.

Shower water valves control the supply of cooling water that is injected into the superheated steam in the superheater and reheater.

Tight control of the cooling water supply helps to achieve optimum steam temperatures both inside and at the output of the superheater.

The Challenge – Accurately Controlling the Mass Flow of Cooling Water To minimize the cooling of steam in the process while achieving the maximum allowable steam temperature

Continuous, precise control of the mass flow rate of cooling water injected into the superheater and reheater is required.

This requires continuous and precise control of the mass flow rate of cooling water injected into the superheater and reheater. Too much water injection will result in subcooling of the steam and reduce boiler efficiency.

Too little water injection can result in excessive steam temperatures and pressures, risking damage to the superheater, turbine and downstream components.

To correct for small changes in temperature, small changes in water volume must also be realized in the reverse adjustment of the valve.

The same must be true in the disproportionate zone of the valve. Any equipment used must be able to withstand the harsh operating environment and high ambient temperatures associated with superheater applications.

Solutions – Highly accurate continuous positioning of sprinkler valves ABB’s Contrac continuous electric linear actuator provides the ideal solution for sprinkler valve control applications.

The ideal solution for valve control applications. Even at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C (185 °F) according to IEC 60034-1.

The Contrac actuator is fully S9-100%ED operable even at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C (185 °F), allowing for highly accurate continuous positioning of water spray valves.

The Contrac actuator utilizes oil lubricated spur gears and the drive shaft is supported by ball bearings.

Rotary motion is converted to linear motion in the linear actuator by means of a highly efficient ball screw spindle.The Contrac actuator is wear-free, with a deadband of only ± 0.5 mm.

With a deadband of only ± 0.05%, the Contrac actuator provides highly accurate positioning for all types of valves. With its rugged design and IP66/NEMA 4X rating, the Contrac actuator can withstand even the most extreme conditions.

With its rugged design and IP66/NEMA 4X protection rating, the Contrac actuator can withstand even the harshest operating conditions.

Contrac – Electric Actuators

Introduction

The water injection valve on a steam boiler controls the amount of cooling water injected into the superheated steam in the superheater and reheater.

The amount of water injected is decisive for the temperature of the steam inside and at the output of the superheater.

Too much water injection can lead to excessive cooling of the steam, which negatively affects efficiency.

On the other hand, insufficient water injection leads to excessive steam temperature and pressure.

The risk of damage to the superheater, turbine and downstream components increases as a result.

For optimal operation of the superheater at the lowest possible steam temperature and the highest possible hot steam temperature, the

continuous and precise mass flow control of the injected cooling water is first required.

Depending on the operating conditions, this requirement means that very small amounts of water need to be supplied, thus requiring highly accurate positioning in disproportionate areas of the valve.

The operating environment is extremely harsh.

In addition, the ambient temperature in the superheater area can be very high.

The Solution

The use of a Contrac continuous electric actuator ensures ideal positioning of the water spray control valve.

Even high temperature models with ambient temperatures up to 85 °C can achieve S9-100 % duty cycles without restriction.

The special design of the Contract actuator, with oil-lubricated spur gears and electrical components for S9-100 % duty cycles, allows high precision in the positioning of the sprinkler valve.

High precision and true continuous positioning of the water spray valve is achieved.

Due to the special design and operating principle of the Contrac actuator, the dead band is only ±0.05 %.

This precision allows for highly accurate positioning of all types of valves over the entire range.

All components are IP66 rated and can be used even under the harshest environmental conditions.

CONTEC motorized linear actuator type RSD with power electronics unit EBN853

Oil-lubricated spur gears with ball bearing spindles ensure

– wear-free operation

– Max. operating temperature 85 °C

– Robust design

– Precise control of the injected water by means of high-precision positioning

– IP rating IP66

The OCAH 940181103 is a high-performance processor unit designed for the System 800xA distributed control system.

The OCAH 940181103 processor unit has the following key features:

High performance: Equipped with a powerful multi-core processor and a large amount of memory, it can handle multiple tasks together and process large amounts of data quickly to meet the needs of various industrial control applications.

High reliability: The processor has built-in redundancy to ensure high system availability and reliability even in the case of hardware defects.

Communication talent: Supporting various communication protocols such as Ethernet, Profibus and Modbus, it is convenient to communicate with various I/O modules and other device interfaces.

Diagnostics and Defect Cleanup: The processor unit features advanced diagnostics and defect cleanup functions, including comprehensive work logging

and a built-in Web server for remote access and monitoring, helping to quickly identify and address potential problems.

940181103 OCAH processor units are used in a wide range of applications in oil and gas, power generation, chemical processing, electrical power systems, metal processing,

Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Paper, Textile, Automotive, Railroad, and Marine jobs to meet the needs of chaotic control and automation applications.

Please note that product parameters and features may be updated due to changing skills and market conditions.

The counter of the ABB OCAH 940181103 has three inputs count, reset and set value; and two outputs-complete value and current value.

A count input is required to provide a counter for counting pulses, a resetinput is required to reset the counter, and a set value is required to provide a set count for the counter.

The done output is used to indicate that the counter has finished counting, and the Current Value shows the current value that the counter has counted so far.